稻田甲烷代谢及其对电子受体的响应

稻田是主要的甲烷排放源之一,其代谢过程及减排策略研究日益受到关注.本文综述了稻田甲烷代谢及其对电子受体响应的最新研究进展.结果表明,稻田甲烷代谢过程因环境条件的改变具有明显的变异性;电子受体主要是通过对甲烷产生和氧化的综合影响,最终控制着土壤甲烷排放;施肥和水分管理均会调节电子受体对甲烷代谢过程的影响.     

应用热扩散技术对柠条锦鸡儿主根液流速率的研究

运用热扩散技术对柠条锦鸡儿根部液流速率(Fs)进行连续测定,同步进行环境要素的实时监测。选择2008年4—10月30天典型晴天日观测数据。结果表明:1)Fs在晴天日表现出典型的宽峰型正态分布,可划分为4个特征差异明显的阶段,反映了大气环境因子对液流的直接驱动效应,以及柠条锦鸡儿叶片气孔行为对液流变化的调控作用。2)液流的变化受多个环境因子共同驱动,其中潜在蒸发散(ET0)综合性强、与Fs相关紧密,是分析液流特征更为可靠的复合型环境变量。Fs与主要环境因子间的耦合关系因时段而异,在早晨启动的液流上升阶段,Fs与太阳辐射、ET0间均呈线性关系,反映了太阳辐射等因子对液流的驱动与对光合作用的激活效应,而在峰值后的下降阶段基本呈Sigmoidal-Hill函数关系;Fs随大气水分亏缺(VPD)的变化与随太阳辐射、ET0的变化趋势相反,表明VPD在达到一定值后启动气孔调节行为以及抑制过度蒸腾耗水的效应。3)柠条锦鸡儿根部Fs与主要环境要素间的变化近似同步,试验期间没有出现典型的时滞现象。4)在整个生长季的大部分时间内观测到柠条锦鸡儿根部夜间持续存在着液流现象,夜间液流量平均占全天液流量的3.83%。试验结果可例证热扩散技术在根部测定液流并用来计算灌木树种单株耗水方法的科学性与优越性。     

广东梅州灰肉红菇子实体形态结构特征

用生物显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了广东梅州"红菌"子实体,担孢子以及菌丝体的形态结构特征.该"红菌"以深红色为主,囊状体发达.孢子印白色,菌肉灰色,菌髓为异型菌髓,担孢子近球形.孢子大小为8.55～10.29×10.65～11.01μm,孢子表面有脊状突起.其高度约1.14 μm,宽0.57 μm,相邻脊间最宽距离为2...     

电子束处理对番茄种子萌发和M1代植株生长发育的影响

采用日本引进的ESS-010-03型电子直线加速器辐照装置处理番茄品种‘1479’种子,对其萌发和M1代植株生长进行观测,通过室内发芽试验和田间栽培统计种子发芽、出苗和植株生长发育情况。结果表明,电子加速器处理种子后对番茄种子萌发和M1代植株生长发育产生显著影响。达到400 Gy的电子束处理显著降低了种子的萌发水平和幼苗的存活率。辐照组植株生长缓慢,株高和茎粗显著低于对照组;电子加速器处理显著增加了幼苗的侧枝数、侧根数和生物量的积累,降低了根冠比;且对番茄生殖生长产生显著影响,增加了花的败育和畸形果的数量。     

Ultrastructural morphogenesis of salmonid alphavirus 1

Studies on the ultrastructural morphogenesis of viruses give an insight into how the host cell mechanisms are utilized for new virion synthesis. A time course examining salmonid alphavirus 1 (SAV 1) assembly was performed by culturing the virus on Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE‐214). Different stages of viral replication were observed under electron microscopy. Virus‐like particles were observed inside membrane‐bound vesicles as early as 1 h following contact of the virus with the cells. Membrane‐dependent replication complexes were observed in the cytoplasm of the cells, with spherules found at the periphery of late endosome‐like vacuoles. The use of intracellular membranes for RNA replication is similar to other positive‐sense single‐stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses. The number of Golgi apparatus and associated vacuoles characterized by ‘fuzzy’‐coated membranes was greater in virus‐infected cells. The mature enveloped virions started to bud out from the cells at approximately 24 h post‐infection. These observations suggest that the pathway used by SAV 1 for the generation of new virus particles in vitro is comparable to viral replication observed with mammalian alphaviruses but with some interesting differences.     

鸵鸟新城疫的病理形态学观察

通过病理剖检、病理组织学及电镜负染观察等方法对来自山东、河南等地的15只表现典型新城疫症状的发病鸵鸟的死亡原因进行系统研究分析。病理剖检可见发病鸵鸟全身广泛性出血,其中以消化道黏膜出血为主;病理组织学观察可见其病理特征以消化道黏膜出血,细胞变性、坏死、脱落为主,同时伴发心肌纤维和肾小管上皮细胞的颗粒变性,脾脏和肺脏充血、出血以及其头颈部的水肿,淋巴组织的坏死等病理变化。电镜负染观察可见圆形、椭圆形或纺锤形,直径200~500 nm,具有明显纤突的典型副黏病毒粒子。以上试验结果证实鸵鸟的死亡原因为新城疫病毒感染所致。     

Cellular localization of Visudyne® as a function of time after local injection in an in vivo model of squamous cell carcinoma: an investigation into tumor cell death

Objective To evaluate the effects of time on cellular localization of Visudyne^® after local injection. Animals Twenty athymic nude mice. Procedures A squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line (A‐431) was injected into right and left dorsolumbar subcutaneous tissue of each mouse, representing treatment (T) and control (C) tumors. In experiment 1 (Exp 1; n = 10) and 2 (Exp 2; n = 10), the T tumors received a local injection of Visudyne^® (0.1 mg/cm³), and C tumors received an equal dose of 5% dextrose in water (D5W). Mice were randomly subdivided into two groups (A and B; n = 5 per group). Mice in Exp 1A and B were sacrificed 1 and 30 min after local injection, respectively. Experiment 1A and B tumors were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy to determine drug localization. Experiment 2A and B tumors were exposed to LED illumination 1 and 30 min after injection, respectively, and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine ultrastructural tumor cell damage. Results Fluorescence was detected within the cytoplasm of T tumors in both Exp 1A and B. Significance was detected in fluorescence intensity between T1 min vs. T30 min (P = 0.03) and between T1 min and C1 min tumors (P = 0.01), respectively. Tumors in Exp 2A and B demonstrated evidence of apoptotic cell death. Conclusions Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated higher Visudyne^® concentration within SCC cytoplasm of 1 min compared with 30‐min tumors. Transmission electron microscopy results revealed that tumors treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) within 30 min of local injection undergo cellular apoptosis.     

Embedded terminal receiving capability matching in multimedia file transmission

A novel transport protocol for large scaled multimedia file EMFTP (Embedded Multimedia File Transfer Protocol) is proposed to match the receiving capability of embedded terminal with sufficient network bandwidth. EMFTP is an application level protocol using UDP, and adopts a method of uniform retransmission as its error recovery strategy and it also introduces an improved DAIMD (AIMD with decreasing increases) rate control algorithm based on bandwidth probe. It can improve the data transfer rate with a low resource taken of embedded client. As the experimental result shows, compared with UDT and FTP protocol implemented on embedded terminal, EMFTP data transfer rate is increased by 3% and 17% respectively, the embedded client CPU occupancy ratios are reduced by 50.3% and 42.3% separately, and memory usage reduced by 15% and 4%.     

大洋臀纹粉蚧和南洋臀纹粉蚧TaqMan实时荧光PCR检测方法

臀纹粉蚧属有多个种类是重要的农业害虫,大洋臀纹粉蚧(Planococcus minor(Maskell))和南洋臀纹粉蚧(Planococcus lilacius Cockerell)是我国有重要检疫意义的有害生物.这两种臀纹粉蚧经常从进口泰国和东南亚水果口岸检疫中截获,但形态学方法很难进行准确鉴定.本研究首次利用mtDNA COI基因设计了两条特异性探针,应用TaqMan实时荧光PCR方法对大洋臀纹粉蚧和南洋臀纹粉蚧进行了快速准确鉴定.     

量子点荧光探针在食品安全检测中的应用

量子点荧光探针是近几年发展起来的一种新型荧光标记物,量子点在生命科学的应用已成为人们研究的热点。但将量子点荧光探针用于食品安全检测的研究还处于起步阶段。简要综述量子点的光学特性、制备方法及其在食品安全检测方面的研究进展和应用前景。